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目的了解河南省郑州市城乡中小学生抑郁症状的发生及流行情况,为有关部门制定学生抑郁症状的干预措施提供依据。方法选取郑州市城市学校4所、乡村学校5所,以小班为单位进行分层整群抽样,每个年级(小学五年级至高中三年级)至少选取男、女生各75名,共抽取3 002人,采用儿童抑郁量表(CDI)进行问卷调查。结果郑州市中小学生抑郁症状总体检出率为14.3%,其中男生抑郁症状检出率为17.2%,女生为11.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);城市学生抑郁症状检出率为16.5%,农村为11.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);小学生抑郁症状的检出率为9.6%,初中生为16.4%,高中生为14.8%,小学生得分最低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男生CDI得分为(12.3±6.9)分,高于女生的(11.5±6.1)分,城市学生为(12.3±7.0)分,高于农村学生的(11.3±5.9)分;3个学段学生CDI得分分别为小学(10.2±6.3)分、初中(12.4±6.9)分、高中(12.4±6.2)分,小学生得分最低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论郑州市中小学生抑郁症状检出率及CDI得分均表现为男生高于女生、城市学生高于农村学生、初高中学生高于小学生。
Objective To understand the prevalence and prevalence of depressive symptoms in primary and secondary school students in urban and rural areas of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, and to provide basis for the relevant departments to make interventions on depressive symptoms of students. Methods Four urban schools in Zhengzhou and five rural schools were selected and stratified cluster sampling was conducted in small classes. At least 75 male and female students were selected for each grade (from the fifth grade to the third grade of senior high school), a total of 3 002 People, the use of children’s depression scale (CDI) questionnaire. Results The overall prevalence of depression among primary and secondary school students in Zhengzhou was 14.3%, of which, the prevalence of depression was 17.2% in boys and 11.3% in girls, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The prevalence of depression in urban students was 16.5% in rural areas and 11.3% in rural areas, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The detection rate of depressive symptoms of primary school students was 9.6%, junior high school students was 16.4%, high school students was 14.8%, primary school students scored lowest, the difference was statistically (12.3 ± 6.9), higher than female students (11.5 ± 6.1), urban students (12.3 ± 7.0), higher than rural students (11.3 ± 5.9) points (10.2 ± 6.3), 12.4 ± 6.9, 12.4 ± 6.2, respectively. The score of primary school students was the lowest, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of depression symptoms and CDI scores of primary and secondary school students in Zhengzhou are higher than those of girls in urban areas, higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and higher in primary and middle schools than in primary schools.