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本文试图借助公共品供给理论,通过制度变迁的视角,研究农村初级教育的发展及贯穿其中的国家、地方、社区三者关系的变化。通过对历史发展脉络的梳理,本文发现村庄社区对小学教育的发展提供了有力的支持。初级教育公共物品的基本供给主体,经历了社区、乡镇、县级政府3个阶段;随着中央有关政策的出台,中央投入的加大,基本供给主体也呈逐步上升趋势。初级教育公共品供给的三维关系变化体现出制度变迁由“供给主导型”向“中间扩散型”过渡;同时农村的义务教育正走向国民教育化,向纯公共物品方向发展。
This article attempts to study the development of rural primary education and the changes of the relations among the countries, places and communities throughout the country through the perspective of institutional changes with the aid of public goods supply theory. Through combing the context of historical development, this article finds that village communities provide strong support for the development of primary education. The basic supply of public goods for primary education has gone through three stages: community, township and county-level government. With the introduction of relevant central government policies, the central government has increased its input and its basic suppliers have also gradually risen. The change of the three-dimensional relationship between the supply of public goods in primary education shows that the institutional transition is from “supply-oriented ” to “intermediate diffusion type ”. At the same time, compulsory education in rural areas is moving toward national education and toward pure public goods.