一、历史地图具有“以图代文”的功用历史地图与课文相辅相成,为历史事件提供直观的、确切的地域空间,替代文字表达难以说明的内容。任何历史的史实都是由时间、地点、人物的活动和发展有机组成的。但在教科书中,文字资料不能直观、确切地反映出这种复杂的形势,所以历史地图成为其重要的补充,才能使学生一目了然地了解历史的史实。例如,在人教版八年级上册《第二次鸦片战 First, the historical map has the function of “taking the figure as the text”. The historical map and the text complement each other, providing an intuitive and exact geographical space for historical events, replacing hard-to-interpret text with words. The historical facts of any history are composed organically by the activities and developments of time, place and character. However, in textbooks, the written materials can not be directly and accurately reflect this complicated situation. Therefore, the historical map has become an important supplement to enable students to understand the historical facts at a glance. For example, in the eighth edition of the PEP, "the second opium war