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马克思与克尔凯郭尔从批判黑格尔历史哲学出发,形成了两种截然不同的历史观。马克思坚信历史的规律性、必然性与进步性,提出唯物史观破解人类社会历史发展规律,将人的解放与历史进程统一起来。克尔凯郭尔则反对历史的规律性、必然性与进步性。他将目光紧紧聚焦在个体身上,割断了个体自由与历史进程的关系,认为个人自由取决于个体自身的选择与行动。这两种对待历史的态度和立场都各有其优势与局限,在一定程度上具有互补性,可以帮助我们深化对历史的认识。
Starting from the criticism of Hegel’s historical philosophy, Marx and Kierkegaard formed two completely different views of history. Marx firmly believes in the regularity, inevitability and progressiveness of history, proposes the historical materialism to solve the law of historical development of human society, and unifies man’s liberation with the historical process. Kierkegaard objected to the laws of history, necessity and progress. He focused his eyes on individuals and cut off the relationship between individual freedom and the historical process. He held that individual freedom depended on individual’s own choices and actions. Both of these two approaches to history have their advantages and limitations in attitude and position, and to a certain extent, they are complementary to help us deepen our understanding of history.