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许多物质的分子具有极性。但是在中学化学教学中尚无分子极性这方面的实验。本文向读者介绍一种简而易行的有关分子极性的演示实验,供教学时参考。 一、实验原理 极性分子是指整个分子的电子云分布不均匀的分子,常用图中两端分别有十、一的长方圆角形图表示。在没有外电场作用时,极性分子相互间排列是杂乱无章的,在外电场的作用下,它们作定向的有序排列,如图1甲和乙。
Many substances have polarity. However, there are no experiments in molecular polarity in chemistry teaching in middle schools. This article introduces readers to a simple demonstration experiment on molecular polarity for reference in teaching. First, the experimental principle Polar molecules refers to the entire molecule of the electron cloud is not uniform distribution of the molecules, commonly used in both ends of the figure have ten, a rectangular rounded figure representation. In the absence of an external electric field, polar molecules are arranged in a disorderly manner. Under the action of an external electric field, they are arranged in an ordered manner, as shown in Fig. 1A and B.