Cucumber powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber throughout the world. In the present study,inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in three crosses,and linkage of resistance with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to powdery mildew. The joint analysis of multiple generations and AFLP technique has been applied in this study. The best model is the one with two major genes,additive,dominant,and epistatic effects,plus polygenes with additive,dominant,and epistatic effects (E-1-0 model). The heritabilities of the major genes varied from 64.26% to 97.82%,and susceptibility was incompletely dominant for the two major genes in the three crosses studied. The additive effects of the two major genes and the dominant effect of the second major gene were high,and the epistatic effect of the additive-dominant between the two major genes was the highest in cross Ⅰ. In cross Ⅱ,the absolute value of the additive effect,dominant effect,and potential ratio of the first major gene were far higher than those of the second major gene,and the epistatic effect of the additive-additive was the highest. The genetic parameters of the two major genes in cross Ⅲ were similar to those in cross Ⅱ. Correlation and regression analyses showed that marker E25/M63-103 was linked to a susceptible gene controlling powdery mildew resistance. The marker could account for 19.98% of the phenotypic variation. When the marker was tested on a diverse set of 29 cucumber lines,the correlation between phenotype and genotype was not significant,which suggested cultivar specialty of gene expression or different methods of resistance to powdery mildew. The target DNA fragment was 103 bp in length,and only a small part was found to be homologous to DNA in the other species evaluated,which indicated that it was unique to the cucumber genome. In the present study, inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in three crosses, and linkage of resistance with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for The joint analysis of multiple generations and AFLP technique has been applied in this study. The best model is the one with two major genes, additive, dominant, and epistatic effects, plus polygenes with additive, dominant, and epistatic effects (E-1-0 model). The heritabilities of the major genes varied from 64.26% to 97.82%, and the susceptibility was incompletely dominant for the two major genes in the three crosses studied. The additive effects of the two major genes and the dominant effect of the second major gene were high, and the epistatic effect of the additive-dominant between the two major genes was the highest in cross I. In crossover s Ⅱ, the absolute value of the additive effect, dominant effect, and potential ratio of the first major gene were far higher than those of the second major gene, and the epistatic effect of the additive-additive was the highest. The genetic parameters of the two major genes in cross Ⅲ were similar to those in cross Ⅱ. Correlation and regression analysis showed that marker E25 / M63-103 was linked to a susceptible gene controlling powdery mildew resistance. The marker could account for 19.98% of the phenotypic variation. When the marker was tested on a diverse set of 29 cucumber lines, the correlation between phenotype and genotype was not significant, which suggested cultivar specialty of gene expression or different methods of resistance to powdery mildew. The target DNA fragment was 103 bp in length, and only a small part was found to be homologous to DNA in the other species evaluated, which indicates that it was unique to the cucumber genome.