本文简述了国内采暖计量收费系统的发展状况，针对目前业内提出的各种不同形式的供热计量改造方案和新建民用建筑采暖计量方案，分析了系统改造后对供热系统水力、热力工况的相关影响，阐述了新建民用建筑各种方案调节工况下的水力、热力特性，从而从理论上保证原系统改造和新建系统的科学性和合理性；最后针对实施供热按户计量收费过程中可能出现的种种问题，从政策、技术、管理、设备等方面提出了一些建议。 This article briefly describes the development status of domestic heating metering and charging systems, and analyzes the different types of heating metering retrofit schemes and new-built civil building heating metering schemes proposed in the industry, and analyzes the hydraulic and thermal conditions of the heating system after the system transformation. The relevant influences, elaborated the hydraulic and thermal characteristics of the newly-built civil buildings under various working conditions, so as to theoretically ensure the scientificity and rationality of the original system reconstruction and the new system; Among the various problems that may arise, some suggestions have been made from the aspects of policy, technology, management, and equipment.