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miRNAs是一类短的(20-23nt)非编码的单链RNA分子,在转录后水平上通过抑制靶基因的表达而影响生物体的生长、发育以及癌症发生。miRNAs的成熟需要一系列大型蛋白复合体参与的协同加工,目前对miRNAs生物合成过程调控的研究还处于初始阶段。本文主要综述了影响miRNAs的生物合成过程及活性的因素以及相关调控机制。癌症的发生通常伴随着异常的miRNAs表达谱,miRNAs生物合成调控机制的深入研究必将为癌症的基因治疗技术以及新型疗法的开发提供重要的理论基础和指导意义。
MiRNAs are short (20-23 nt) non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules that affect the growth, development and carcinogenesis of organisms by inhibiting the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. The maturation of miRNAs requires the collaborative processing of a series of large protein complexes, and the current research on the regulation of miRNAs biosynthesis is still in its infancy. This review summarizes the factors that affect the biosynthesis and activity of miRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms. The occurrence of cancer is often accompanied by aberrant expression patterns of miRNAs. The further research on the regulation mechanism of miRNAs biosynthesis will provide an important theoretical basis and guiding significance for the gene therapy of cancer and the development of new therapies.