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以滇池流域5种主要人工林(柏木林、桉树林、银荆林、华山松林和云南松林)为研究对象,通过样方调查,分析群落结构特征,并构建了由植被、枯落物、土壤、地形4个因子组成的水土保持功能评价指标体系,在对所选取的8个指标进行标准化、确定权重的基础上,运用理想点综合评价方法评价其水土保持效益。结果表明:各人工林群落优势种重要值(IV)分别为:柏木89.69、桉树74.27、银荆96.35、华山松84.93、云南松65.65。桉树林、云南松林分层物种多样性表现为灌木层>草本层>乔木层,柏木林、银荆林和华山松林分层物种多样性表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层。云南松林的群落总体物种多样性最高,华山松林和桉树林次之,柏木林较低,银荆林最低。各人工林水土保持效益依次为:云南松林>华山松林>柏木林>桉树林>银荆林,表明乡土树种作为水土保持林具有一定的优势。不同人工林在物种多样性及水土保持效益等方面存在明显差异,应根据立地条件选择适宜的造林树种及搭配方式,提升其生态功能,控制水土流失。
Taking five main plantations (cypress wood, eucalyptus forest, silver Jinglin, Huashan pine forest and Yunnan pine forest) in Dianchi Lake basin as research objects, the characteristics of community structure were analyzed through the quadrat investigation, and vegetation, litter, soil , Topography and four factors of soil and water conservation function evaluation index system. Based on the standardization and weight determination of the eight selected indicators, the comprehensive evaluation of the ideal point is used to evaluate the benefits of soil and water conservation. The results showed that the importance values (IV) of the dominant species in each plantation community were 89.1% for cedar, 74.27 for eucalyptus, 96.35 for silver bark, 84.93% for Pinus armandi and 65.65% for Pinus yunnanensis. The species diversity of the eucalyptus and Pinus yunnanensis shrubs was shrub layer> herb layer> the species diversity of arbor layer, cypress tree, silver Jinglin and Pinus armandii forests were herb layer> shrub layer> arbor layer. The species diversity of Pinus yunnanensis forest community is the highest, followed by Pinus armandii forest and Eucalyptus forest, lower in Cypress forest and lowest in Jingjing forest. Soil and water conservation benefits of all plantations were as follows: Yunnan pine forest> Huashan pine forest> Cypress forest> Eucalyptus forest> Yinjing forest, which indicated that native tree species had some advantages as soil and water conservation forest. Different plantations have obvious differences in species diversity and water and soil conservation benefits. According to the site conditions, appropriate tree species and collocation methods should be selected to enhance their ecological functions and control soil and water loss.