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一导言我将在本文中使用后期维特根斯坦关于语言的观点,阐明马克思在《资本论》中关于价值的概念。这似乎是不可信的事情,因为目前学界关于价值和语言的大量讨论的语境迥然有别,就个体而言,这些讨论还处在不断争议之中。然而,马克思自己曾经用一个类比说明价值和语言之间的关系:“有用对象有价值的特性是社会的产物,就如同人们的语言有价值的特性是社会的产物一样。”1正在这种意义上,我相信将价值和语言并列进行研究将会取得丰硕的成果:那也就是说,它们两者都是“社会的产物”。
I. INTRODUCTION I will use later Wittgenstein’s view of language in this article to clarify Marx’s notion of value in Capital. This seems to be an untrustworthy thing because of the vastly different contexts currently held by the academic community about the plethora of discussions of value and language, which, individually, are still under debate. However, Marx himself once used an analogy to explain the relationship between value and language: “The valuable characteristic of the useful object is the product of society, just as the valuable characteristic of the language of the people is the product of society.” 1 Now In the sense of the word, I believe there will be fruitful results from the parallel study of value and language: that is to say that both are “products of society.”