文学艺术所反映的对象是生活,是人。它既是个别而具体的,又是广泛而普遍的现象。如何在题材、体裁、篇幅的限制下,既描绘出特定的生活情境与人物,又能开掘出其广泛普遍的社会意义,收到举一反三,一以当十,咫尺万里的艺术效果,往往是作者们苦心孤旨所追求的。典型化是走向这一目标的唯一通途。如同别林斯基所说:“典型的本质在于:例如,即使在描写某一个挑水人的时候,也不要只描写某一个挑水人,而要借一个人写出一切挑水的人。”当然,在事实上,谁也无法“借一个人写出一切挑水的人”。他的意思无非是强调在塑造典型时,必经考虑,并且容纳尽可能多的普遍性。在他看来,典型正是通过个别现象的有限,来 Literature and art reflects the object is life, is human. It is both individual and concrete and widespread and widespread. Under the limitations of theme, genre and space, how to draw not only specific life situations and characters, but also their widespread social significance, and the reception of the artistic effect of giving one-for-one and three-for- We are painstaking pursuit of the lonely. Typification is the only way toward this goal. As Belinsky put it: “The quintessential essence is that, for example, even when portraying a picker, do not portray only one picker, but rather write one by one to pick up all the picks. ”Of course, in fact, no one can“ borrow one person to write all those who carry the water. ” His intention is nothing more than stressing that in shaping a typical one, one must consider it and accommodate as much universality as possible. In his view, the typical is through the limited number of individual phenomena