纵观犹太裔美国当代作家菲利普·罗斯半个多世纪的小说创作,罗斯对自我的认知模式经历了从求同到存异的转变。求同是以被主流社会所接受和认同为目的的对他者的认同,与社会求同是本能的生存策略,主体以他者为视角认知自我,导致自我厌恶、身份困惑,甚至代际冲突和族裔隔阂。存异是主体认识到自我的独特性,接纳自我独特的精神需求,与社会认同达成和解。在他的后期作品中,罗斯通过疾病、衰老、死亡等主题强调身体感受和生命体验,将身体本身纳入自我的认知范畴,身心一体。在罗斯的创作中,身体是种族身份和性别身份的主要社会身份标志,也是独特自我的鉴别标志。他者视角与身体视角是罗斯推敲自我的两个维度,它们反映了作者对少数族裔自我的认知发展,后者传达了在当代文化语境下作者对个体独特性的关注和呵护。 Throughout more than half a century of novel writing by Jewish-American contemporary writer Philip Rose, Rose’s mode of self-cognition has undergone a change from seeking common ground to reserving differences. Asking for the same is accepted by the mainstream society for the purpose of identification of the other with the community and seek common ground is an instinctive survival strategy, the main point of view of the other from the perspective of self, leading to self-aversion, identity confusion, and even on behalf of Conflict and ethnic barriers. The difference is that the subject realizes the uniqueness of the self, accepts the self-unique spiritual needs, and reconciles with the social identity. In his later works, Rose emphasizes physical experience and life experience through themes such as illness, aging, and death, integrating the body itself into the cognitive sphere of one’s self and body and mind. In Rose’s writing, the body is the primary social identity of ethnic and gender identities and the identification of unique self. The other and the body perspectives are two dimensions of Rose’s self-esteem. They reflect the author’s cognitive development of ethnic self and the latter convey the concern and care of the author about individual uniqueness in the contemporary cultural context.