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铸铁是机电产品的主要材料。有的产品(如磨床、钻床、空压机和水泵等)铸铁件占整机重量往往达80％以上。由于工业生产的需要,球铁、合金铸铁、可锻铸铁和特种铸铁等得到很大发展。铸铁在机械制造业中的地位和作用十分重要。铸造工艺比较复杂,影响铸件质量的因素较多。如何减少铸件废品提高铸造的经济效益,是一个很棘手的问题。熔炼是铸造的一道重要工序,直接影响到铸件质量。六十年代以来随着工业的迅速发展,铸铁熔炼工艺亦产生很大的变化。现将国外行之有效的方法概述如下:
Cast iron is the main material for electromechanical products. Some products (such as grinding machines, drilling machines, air compressors and pumps, etc.) castings account for the weight of the machine often up to 80%. Due to the needs of industrial production, ductile iron, alloy cast iron, malleable iron and special cast iron have been greatly developed. Cast iron in the machinery manufacturing status and role is very important. Casting process is more complicated, affecting the quality of casting more factors. How to reduce the casting waste to improve the economic benefits of casting is a very difficult problem. Smelting is an important process of casting, a direct impact on the quality of castings. Since the 1960s, with the rapid development of industry, great changes have taken place in the cast iron smelting process. A summary of the proven methods abroad is as follows: