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To study the effect of the different interventional treatment on P-Glycoprotein (Pgp) in different histopathological types of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), 98 surgically and histologically verified PHC specimens were obtained. The patients included 57 patients treated by surgical resection alone and 41 patients receiving second-stage surgical resection after four kinds of interventional treatment. SABC immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody against human Pgp was used to observe the Pgp in all specimens. The positive rate of Pgp was 100 % in group of chemotherapy alone (P0.05), 46.6 % in group of chemotherapy combined with iodized oil and spongia gelatini absorbens (Sga) (P>0.05), 18.18 % in group of chemotherapy combined with Ethanol-iodized-oil and Sga (P