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冠心病和动脉粥样硬化有三个主要危险因素:高血压、吸烟和高胆固醇血症。高血压估计20％美国成人患高血压。降压疗法有益于降低病死率,尤其脑血管病病死率。即使轻度高血压(舒张压介于90～104mmHg 之间者),经积极治疗也可使病死率降低20％。积极降压治疗的病例中,总病死率降低17％。吸烟吸烟者中冠心病病死率比不吸烟者高70％;重度吸烟者(每天2包以上)病死率比不吸烟者高2～3倍。吸烟对冠心病的危险,与高血压、高胆固醇血症有协同作用。口服避孕药的吸烟妇女,其心肌梗塞危险较不服避孕药不吸烟妇女高近10倍。有人估计,美国每年死于冠心病的患者中,近30％与吸烟有关;另据估计,1965～1980年间美国约有300万
There are three major risk factors for coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis: hypertension, smoking and hypercholesterolemia. Hypertension 20% of adults in the United States suffer from high blood pressure. Antihypertensive therapy is beneficial to reduce the case fatality rate, especially the mortality of cerebrovascular disease. Even mild hypertension (diastolic blood pressure between 90 ~ 104mmHg), active treatment can also reduce the case fatality rate of 20%. Active antihypertensive treatment of the cases, the total case fatality decreased by 17%. Smoking smokers coronary heart disease fatality rate higher than non-smokers 70%; severe smokers (more than 2 packs per day) mortality than non-smokers 2 to 3 times. Smoking on the risk of coronary heart disease, and hypertension, hypercholesterolemia have a synergistic effect. Smoking contraceptives for women, their risk of myocardial infarction contraceptive contraceptives non-smoking women nearly 10 times higher. Some estimate that nearly 30% of patients who die from coronary heart disease in the United States each year are related to smoking. According to another estimate, there are about 3 million U.S. people between 1965 and 1980