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【目的】研究小麦强、弱势籽粒淀粉积累与库容量、库活性间的关系及不同穗型间的差异。【方法】以密穗型小麦品种鲁麦21、济麦20和疏穗型小麦品种山农1391、山农12为材料,对籽粒发育过程中强、弱势粒淀粉积累、胚乳细胞数目及相关酶活性变化进行比较。【结果】两种类型小麦强势粒直、支链淀粉积累量均高于弱势粒,密穗型小麦籽粒直、支链淀粉积累量在强、弱势粒间的差异幅度高于疏穗型小麦。Logistic方程拟合籽粒淀粉积累进程表明,强势粒淀粉积累量较弱势粒高的原因是其积累启动时间较早和淀粉积累速率较高;密穗型小麦强、弱势粒淀粉积累速率的差异幅度较大,是造成其籽粒最终淀粉积累量在强、弱势粒间的差异幅度大于疏穗型的原因之一。小麦强势粒胚乳细胞数目显著高于弱势粒,与疏穗型小麦相比,密穗型小麦强、弱势粒胚乳细胞数目的差异幅度较大。4个小麦品种弱势粒蔗糖含量在灌浆期均高于强势粒,说明籽粒蔗糖含量即淀粉合成底物的供给并不是造成强、弱势粒淀粉积累存在差异的限制因子。小麦强势粒蔗糖合酶(SS)、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPP)、可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS)和颗粒结合态淀粉合酶(GBSS)活性均高于弱势粒,密穗型小麦强、弱势粒上述酶活性差异幅度均较疏穗型大。【结论】小麦库容量(胚乳细胞数目)和库活性(淀粉合成相关酶活性)是制约强、弱势粒淀粉积累的主要因素。密穗型小麦强、弱势粒间的胚乳细胞数目和淀粉合成相关酶活性差异较大,这可能是造成密穗型小麦籽粒淀粉积累量在强、弱势粒间的差异幅度大于疏穗型的原因。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between starch accumulation and storage capacity and pool activity in wheat grains, and the differences among different panicle types. 【Method】 With the spikelet type wheat cultivar Lumai 21, Jimai 20 and sparse-ear type wheat cultivars Shannong 1391 and Shannong 12 as materials, the effects of starch accumulation in strong and weak grains, the number of endosperm cells and related enzymes Activity changes were compared. 【Result】 The results showed that the accumulation of strong grain and amylopectin in two types of wheat was higher than that in inferior grain and dense-grain wheat. The difference of amylopectin accumulation in strong and weak grains was higher than that in sparse-winged wheat. Logistic equation fitting process of grain starch accumulation showed that the reason for the higher accumulation of strong grain starch than the weaker grains was that the accumulation start time was earlier and the starch accumulation rate was higher. The difference of starch accumulation rate between strong and weak grains in millet was more Large, is caused by the final grain starch accumulation in the strong and weak differences between the grain size greater than the sparse-shaped one of the reasons. The number of strong grain endosperm cells in wheat was significantly higher than that in inferior grains. Compared with sparse-ear wheat, the number of endosperm cells in strong and weak grains in spike-type wheat was significantly different. The content of sucrose in the inferior grains of 4 wheat cultivars was higher than that of strong grains at the grain filling stage, indicating that the sucrose content of grain, ie, the supply of starch synthesis substrate, was not the limiting factor for the differences of starch accumulation in both strong and weak grains. The activities of strong grain sucrose synthase (SS), adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPP), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) The stronger and weaker grains of wheat had more differences in the enzyme activity than the spikelet type. 【Conclusion】 The capacity of wheat (endosperm cells) and the activity of the library (enzyme activity related to starch synthesis) are the main factors restricting the starch accumulation in both strong and weak grains. The difference between the number of endosperm cells and the activity of starch synthesis enzymes in the strong and weak grains of the spike-type wheat was probably due to the greater difference in starch accumulation between the strong and the weaker grains in the spike-type wheat than in the sparse-ear type .