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乙型肝炎毒(HBV)很特殊,感染后每个病人的临床表现差异很大,从无症状的亚临床型,到急性无黄疸型或黄疸型肝炎,以及病情凶险的暴发型肝炎.HBV 在急性感染后有一部分患者可成为慢性感染,并导致慢性肝病.如在新生儿期通过母婴传播而感染 HBV 者,约90%可成为慢性 HBV 携带者,在成人期感染 HBV 者仅5～10%可转为慢性病毒携带者.近年来的研究重视病毒与机体免疫系统的相互作用.一般认为:HBV 不直接损害肝细胞,而是通过宿主的免疫反应引起肝细胞的损伤和破坏,并引起相应的临床表现.由个宿主不同的免疫反应(包括遗传的个体差异),HBV 感染所引起的临床表现和转归也各不相同、
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is very special, and the clinical manifestations vary significantly from patient to patient, from asymptomatic subclinical to acute jaundice-free or jaundiced hepatitis, and outbreaks of fulminant hepatitis Some patients after acute infection can become chronic infection and lead to chronic liver disease, such as about 90% of chronic HBV carriers who are infected with HBV during the neonatal period through mother-to-child transmission and only 5 to 10 % Can be converted to chronic virus carriers.In recent years, research emphasis on the interaction of the virus and the body’s immune system is generally believed that: HBV does not directly damage the liver cells, but through the host’s immune response caused damage and destruction of liver cells, and cause The corresponding clinical manifestations by a host of different immune responses (including genetic individual differences), HBV infection caused by clinical manifestations and outcomes are also different,