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引言本文敘述宇宙(行星际)飞行理論的若干基本原理。它主要是为中学的数学,物理学或天文学的教师,即为那些熟悉高等数学和理論力学的人而写的。不过它也可以給那些开設有高等数学和理論力学的有关专业的大学生以及开設有高等数学初步的中学里的学生或这样的課外学习小組里的学生閱讀。宇宙飞行的基本特点是,在飞行过程中飞行器将受到来自天体方面的引力,在太阳系中,就将受到来自太阳、行星及其卫星等方面的引力。然而这一作用的特性通常主要是由一个吸引物体的影响来决定,至于是那一个吸引物体則要根据宇宙飞行器在宇宙空間的位置而定。大家知道,引力理論的基础是牛頓的万有引力定律,根据这个定律,任意二物体以下述的力互相吸引着:
Introduction This article describes some of the basic principles of the universe (interplanetary) flight theory. It is mainly written for mathematics, physics or astronomy teachers in middle school, ie for those who are familiar with higher mathematics and theoretical mechanics. However, it can also be read for those college students who have advanced mathematics and theoretical mechanics, as well as students who have advanced mathematics in junior high schools or students in such extracurricular study groups. The basic characteristic of space flight is that during the flight, the aircraft will receive gravity from the celestial body. In the solar system, it will receive gravitation from the sun, planets and its satellites. However, the characteristics of this effect are usually determined mainly by the influence of an attractive object, and the attraction of an object depends on the position of the spacecraft in space. As we all know, the basis of gravitational theory is Newton’s law of universal gravitation. According to this law, any two objects attract each other with the following forces: