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目的通过一系列生物安全实验室常见操作及发生意外情况产生的生物气溶胶污染进行定量研究,为实验室相关操作的风险评估和人员防护措施提供科学依据。方法用黏质沙雷菌和大肠杆菌(ATCC 13706)的噬菌体phi X-174代替有传染性的细菌、病毒,在生物安全负压室内进行多种实验操作和意外事故的模拟,通过安德森采样器定量采样法对产生的微生物气溶胶进行定量分析。结果各种实验操作中,黏质细菌产生的最大气溶胶风险是冷冻干燥粉掉落,最大浓度是11 696 cfu/m3;噬菌体产生的最大气溶胶风险是高浓度噬菌体液跌落,最大浓度是4 092 PFU/m3,产生的气溶胶粒子大部分都是可入肺即小于5μm的粒子。结论生物安全实验室内的各种实验操作和意外事故产生的气溶胶浓度差异较大,气溶胶颗粒多为可入肺粒子。定量的实验室风险研究可以更好的保障人员安全和对危险发生的应急处理。
Objective To quantitatively study the bio-aerosol pollution caused by common operations and accidents in a series of biosafety laboratories, and provide a scientific basis for the risk assessment and personnel protection measures of laboratory-related operations. Methods The bacteriophage phi X-174 of Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli (ATCC 13706) was used to replace infectious bacteria and viruses. A variety of experimental and accidental simulations were carried out in a bio-safety negative pressure room. Anderson sampler Quantitative sampling method for the quantitative analysis of microbial aerosols generated. Results In all experimental procedures, the maximum aerosol risk generated by the clayey bacteria was that the freeze-dried powder dropped to a maximum concentration of 11 696 cfu / m3; the maximum aerosol risk of phage was the drop in high-concentration phage fluid with a maximum concentration of 4 092 PFU / m3, most of the aerosol particles produced are particles that enter the lungs, ie less than 5 μm. Conclusions The concentrations of aerosols produced by various experimental operations and accidents in the biosafety laboratories are quite different. Most of the aerosol particles are particles that can enter the lungs. Quantitative laboratory risk research can better protect the safety of personnel and emergency handling of dangerous situations.