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一、词汇过关
1. diet
【考纲释义】 n. 饮食,食物; (适合某种疾病的) 特种饮食v.节食;吃限定食物
Their diet chiefly consists of grain and vegetables.他们的饮食主要是谷类和蔬菜。
No chocolate, please. I’m on a diet.请不要放巧克力,我正在节食。
No sugar in my coffee, please; I’m dieting.请不要给我的咖啡放糖,我在节食。
【知识拓展】 go on a diet节食;吃限定食物 be on a diet 在节食中
2. balance
【考纲释义】n.平衡;均衡;天平;秤vt. (1) 使平衡;保持……的平衡;权衡;比较
The child couldn’t keep his balance on his new bicycle.孩子骑在他的新自行车上不能保持平衡。
In what way is a laboratory balance different from a balance found in a store? 实验室的天平与商店里的秤在什么方面有所不同?
In order to balance their trade, they would have to buy less goods in the United States. 为了平衡贸易,他们将不得不减少在美国购货。
You have to balance the advantages of living downtown against the disadvantages. 你必须权衡住在市中心的利弊。
【知识拓展】 in the balance(命运)未定,在危急中;不确定 off balance不稳on balance总的来说 balanced adj. 均衡的;平衡的a balanced diet 均衡的饮食
3. strength
【考纲释义】 n. 强项;长处;力量
I have hardly enough strength left to move my feet. 我连移动双脚的力气都几乎没有了。
The growing strength of the Third World — and of the most populous country, China, in particular — is an important factor for world peace. 第三世界的力量,特别是第三世界国家中人口最多的中国的力量,是世界和平力量发展的重要因素。
Although English is not my strength, you should learn it hard. To master a foreign language is quite important. 尽管英语不是我的长处,你还是应该好好学,掌握一门外语很重要。
【知识拓展】 strengthenv. 增强get the strength to do something 鼓起勇气做某事 to strengthen one’s character使自己的性格变坚强
power, strength, force辨析:
power用法最广,用于各种身体的、心理的、隐藏的、外显的力量,也可指事物的某种作用力或动力;strength指内部的能力,是身体组织内存在的体力;force指运用或发挥出来的外在的、活动的力,含有克服阻力而使人或物按要求的方向运动之意。
4. benefit
【考纲释义】 n.利益;好处 vt. & vi. 有益于;有助于
We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels. 我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。
These facilities have benefited the whole town.这些设施使用权全城受益。
Who is likely to benefit most by the new tax laws?什么人可能从新的税法中得到最大的好处。
【知识拓展】 for / to sb.’s benefit 为了某人的利益 by the benefit of 由于……的恩惠 acquire(get, have, receive) the benefit of 获得……之益 give sb. the benefit 给予某人利益 lose the benefit of 丧失……的利益benefit from / by sth.
5. combine
【考纲释义】 vt. & vi. (使)联合;(使)结合
What chemicals combine together to form water? 什么化学元素化合成水?
The two teams combined and did very well in the sports meet. 在运动会上这两个队合并成一个队,成绩很好。
We consider it necessary to combine theory with practice. 我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。
【知识拓展】词语辨析: combine, join,和connect.
join指把性质相同但形体上分离的东西直接“连接”起来,使其结合在一起,成为较大的集体或物体,关系较connect密切;combine指原来性质或成分不同的的东西合并成一体,“合并、联合”,联合之后使得个体被忽略,强调整体性; connect表示“连接、结合”,指两者相互连接,但仍保持各自原有的特征或状态,强调用连接物或通过某种方式把孤立的东西联系起来。
6. consult
【考纲释义】 vt. 咨询;请教;商量
If you wish good advice, consult an old man. 若要主意好,老人须请教。
If you are ill, consult a doctor.如果你病了,就找医生看病。
It is important that consult with expert before you make a decision. 在做重大决定之前和专家商量是很重要的。
【知识拓展】 consult with同……商量
二、短语诠释
1. get away with被放过;(做坏事)不受惩罚
I won’t let him get away with that excuse. 我不会让他用那种借口蒙混过去。
For such a serious offence he was lucky to get away with a fine. 他犯了那么严重的过失, 却侥幸只交罚款了事。
Those who lie and cheat will never get away with it. 那些撒谎和欺骗别人的人决不会逃得过惩罚。
2. get rid of 摆脱;除去
The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excess weight. 这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。
How can you get rid of a bad habit? 你怎样才能改掉坏习惯呢?
I should like to get rid of the responsibility for this job, but there doesn’t seem to be anyone. 我真想摆脱对这项工作的责任,但是看来没有合适的人可以交出去。
3. in debt欠债
She was in debt when she was poor, but has been out of debt since she got rich. 以前穷的时候她欠了债,可自从富了以后就没欠债了。
We should reduce our expenses, or we will be in debt. 我们得减少支出,否则就要负债了。
【知识拓展】 in sb’s debt 欠某人的人情debt crisis 债务危机deep in debt 负债累累 pay one’s debt 还债pay off one’s debt 还清债务 run / get into debt 欠债
4. throw away扔掉;丢弃
Don’t throw away those rotten vegetables, we can feed them to the pigs. There’s nothing so bad as not to be good for something. 不要把那些腐烂的蔬菜扔了,我们可能拿它来喂猪。凡物无论好坏,各有所用。
Fires are often caused by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. 火灾经常是由人们不小心扔掉的烟蒂引起的。
【知识拓展】 throw about乱丢(东西),乱花(钱) throw down推倒throw light on使明白,阐明throw up呕吐
三、句式详解
1. Something terrible must have happened if Maochang was not coming to eat with him as he always did. 如果茂昌不像往常那样来和他一起吃饭,那就一定是发生了什么可怕的事情。
句中的must + have + 过去分词,表示对过去动作或状态的推测,意为“(过去)一定做过某事”。例如:
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了,因为今晨地面是潮湿的。
此外,should (ought to) have + 过去分词表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气,意为“本应该……”;其否定形式为“should not / ought not to have + 过去分词”,表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了; “needn’t have + 过去分词”表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事;“may / might have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测,表示“过去可能 / 大概已做了某事”;否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”;“can / could have + 过去分词”表示“过去本来可以做某事,但实际上没有做”;否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”;疑问句表示“可能 / 也许已做了某事吗?”。例如:
You shouldn’t / ought not to have been here so early. 你本不应该来这里这么早的。
He may have been at home for about two hours. 他也许在家等了两小时了。
It could have been seen from here if it had not been so dark. 如果天不那么黑,你会从这儿望见他的。
She can’t / couldn’t have been waiting for us so long. 她不大可能等我们那么久。(对过去的事情的否定的判断。
2. They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. 他们供应汉堡包加生冷蔬菜,和水煮土豆,而不是油炸土豆。
rather than用作连词,相当于but not,意为“而不”、“不是……(而是)”、“与其……(不如)”,前后连接的成分应该是平行的,可为名词、代词、动名词、形容词、谓语动词、动词不定式或介词短语等。例如:
He is a writer rather than a teacher. 与其说他是教师还不如说他是作家。
You are doing this for yourself rather than for others. 你做这件事不是为别人而是为你自己。
Taking exercise every day makes him look younger rather than older.每天锻炼身体使他显得年轻而不是年老。
He would die rather than give up smoking.他宁死也不愿戒烟。
We’ll have tea in the garden rather than in the house.我们要在花园里喝茶而不想在屋里喝茶。
注意:若 rather than 位于句首,其后的不定式通常不带to (也可用动名词)。如:
Rather than go there by air, I’d take the slowest train. 我宁可乘最慢的火车去也不愿坐飞机去。
Rather than waste (wasting) your time doing it yourself, why don’t you call in a build-er? 你为什么宁愿浪费时间自己干而不愿去请一个包工呢?
rather than连接两个成分作主语时,其谓语动词的数通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如:
The teacher rather than the students is to blame. 应受责备的是老师而不是学生。
1. diet
【考纲释义】 n. 饮食,食物; (适合某种疾病的) 特种饮食v.节食;吃限定食物
Their diet chiefly consists of grain and vegetables.他们的饮食主要是谷类和蔬菜。
No chocolate, please. I’m on a diet.请不要放巧克力,我正在节食。
No sugar in my coffee, please; I’m dieting.请不要给我的咖啡放糖,我在节食。
【知识拓展】 go on a diet节食;吃限定食物 be on a diet 在节食中
2. balance
【考纲释义】n.平衡;均衡;天平;秤vt. (1) 使平衡;保持……的平衡;权衡;比较
The child couldn’t keep his balance on his new bicycle.孩子骑在他的新自行车上不能保持平衡。
In what way is a laboratory balance different from a balance found in a store? 实验室的天平与商店里的秤在什么方面有所不同?
In order to balance their trade, they would have to buy less goods in the United States. 为了平衡贸易,他们将不得不减少在美国购货。
You have to balance the advantages of living downtown against the disadvantages. 你必须权衡住在市中心的利弊。
【知识拓展】 in the balance(命运)未定,在危急中;不确定 off balance不稳on balance总的来说 balanced adj. 均衡的;平衡的a balanced diet 均衡的饮食
3. strength
【考纲释义】 n. 强项;长处;力量
I have hardly enough strength left to move my feet. 我连移动双脚的力气都几乎没有了。
The growing strength of the Third World — and of the most populous country, China, in particular — is an important factor for world peace. 第三世界的力量,特别是第三世界国家中人口最多的中国的力量,是世界和平力量发展的重要因素。
Although English is not my strength, you should learn it hard. To master a foreign language is quite important. 尽管英语不是我的长处,你还是应该好好学,掌握一门外语很重要。
【知识拓展】 strengthenv. 增强get the strength to do something 鼓起勇气做某事 to strengthen one’s character使自己的性格变坚强
power, strength, force辨析:
power用法最广,用于各种身体的、心理的、隐藏的、外显的力量,也可指事物的某种作用力或动力;strength指内部的能力,是身体组织内存在的体力;force指运用或发挥出来的外在的、活动的力,含有克服阻力而使人或物按要求的方向运动之意。
4. benefit
【考纲释义】 n.利益;好处 vt. & vi. 有益于;有助于
We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels. 我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。
These facilities have benefited the whole town.这些设施使用权全城受益。
Who is likely to benefit most by the new tax laws?什么人可能从新的税法中得到最大的好处。
【知识拓展】 for / to sb.’s benefit 为了某人的利益 by the benefit of 由于……的恩惠 acquire(get, have, receive) the benefit of 获得……之益 give sb. the benefit 给予某人利益 lose the benefit of 丧失……的利益benefit from / by sth.
5. combine
【考纲释义】 vt. & vi. (使)联合;(使)结合
What chemicals combine together to form water? 什么化学元素化合成水?
The two teams combined and did very well in the sports meet. 在运动会上这两个队合并成一个队,成绩很好。
We consider it necessary to combine theory with practice. 我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。
【知识拓展】词语辨析: combine, join,和connect.
join指把性质相同但形体上分离的东西直接“连接”起来,使其结合在一起,成为较大的集体或物体,关系较connect密切;combine指原来性质或成分不同的的东西合并成一体,“合并、联合”,联合之后使得个体被忽略,强调整体性; connect表示“连接、结合”,指两者相互连接,但仍保持各自原有的特征或状态,强调用连接物或通过某种方式把孤立的东西联系起来。
6. consult
【考纲释义】 vt. 咨询;请教;商量
If you wish good advice, consult an old man. 若要主意好,老人须请教。
If you are ill, consult a doctor.如果你病了,就找医生看病。
It is important that consult with expert before you make a decision. 在做重大决定之前和专家商量是很重要的。
【知识拓展】 consult with同……商量
二、短语诠释
1. get away with被放过;(做坏事)不受惩罚
I won’t let him get away with that excuse. 我不会让他用那种借口蒙混过去。
For such a serious offence he was lucky to get away with a fine. 他犯了那么严重的过失, 却侥幸只交罚款了事。
Those who lie and cheat will never get away with it. 那些撒谎和欺骗别人的人决不会逃得过惩罚。
2. get rid of 摆脱;除去
The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excess weight. 这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。
How can you get rid of a bad habit? 你怎样才能改掉坏习惯呢?
I should like to get rid of the responsibility for this job, but there doesn’t seem to be anyone. 我真想摆脱对这项工作的责任,但是看来没有合适的人可以交出去。
3. in debt欠债
She was in debt when she was poor, but has been out of debt since she got rich. 以前穷的时候她欠了债,可自从富了以后就没欠债了。
We should reduce our expenses, or we will be in debt. 我们得减少支出,否则就要负债了。
【知识拓展】 in sb’s debt 欠某人的人情debt crisis 债务危机deep in debt 负债累累 pay one’s debt 还债pay off one’s debt 还清债务 run / get into debt 欠债
4. throw away扔掉;丢弃
Don’t throw away those rotten vegetables, we can feed them to the pigs. There’s nothing so bad as not to be good for something. 不要把那些腐烂的蔬菜扔了,我们可能拿它来喂猪。凡物无论好坏,各有所用。
Fires are often caused by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. 火灾经常是由人们不小心扔掉的烟蒂引起的。
【知识拓展】 throw about乱丢(东西),乱花(钱) throw down推倒throw light on使明白,阐明throw up呕吐
三、句式详解
1. Something terrible must have happened if Maochang was not coming to eat with him as he always did. 如果茂昌不像往常那样来和他一起吃饭,那就一定是发生了什么可怕的事情。
句中的must + have + 过去分词,表示对过去动作或状态的推测,意为“(过去)一定做过某事”。例如:
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了,因为今晨地面是潮湿的。
此外,should (ought to) have + 过去分词表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气,意为“本应该……”;其否定形式为“should not / ought not to have + 过去分词”,表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了; “needn’t have + 过去分词”表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事;“may / might have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测,表示“过去可能 / 大概已做了某事”;否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”;“can / could have + 过去分词”表示“过去本来可以做某事,但实际上没有做”;否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”;疑问句表示“可能 / 也许已做了某事吗?”。例如:
You shouldn’t / ought not to have been here so early. 你本不应该来这里这么早的。
He may have been at home for about two hours. 他也许在家等了两小时了。
It could have been seen from here if it had not been so dark. 如果天不那么黑,你会从这儿望见他的。
She can’t / couldn’t have been waiting for us so long. 她不大可能等我们那么久。(对过去的事情的否定的判断。
2. They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. 他们供应汉堡包加生冷蔬菜,和水煮土豆,而不是油炸土豆。
rather than用作连词,相当于but not,意为“而不”、“不是……(而是)”、“与其……(不如)”,前后连接的成分应该是平行的,可为名词、代词、动名词、形容词、谓语动词、动词不定式或介词短语等。例如:
He is a writer rather than a teacher. 与其说他是教师还不如说他是作家。
You are doing this for yourself rather than for others. 你做这件事不是为别人而是为你自己。
Taking exercise every day makes him look younger rather than older.每天锻炼身体使他显得年轻而不是年老。
He would die rather than give up smoking.他宁死也不愿戒烟。
We’ll have tea in the garden rather than in the house.我们要在花园里喝茶而不想在屋里喝茶。
注意:若 rather than 位于句首,其后的不定式通常不带to (也可用动名词)。如:
Rather than go there by air, I’d take the slowest train. 我宁可乘最慢的火车去也不愿坐飞机去。
Rather than waste (wasting) your time doing it yourself, why don’t you call in a build-er? 你为什么宁愿浪费时间自己干而不愿去请一个包工呢?
rather than连接两个成分作主语时,其谓语动词的数通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如:
The teacher rather than the students is to blame. 应受责备的是老师而不是学生。