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摘要 为探明玉米内生真菌对草地贪夜蛾生长发育的影响，寻求草地贪夜蛾绿色防控新方法，本文将玉米内生真菌白僵菌YC1和链格孢菌GX5处理的玉米种子种植于田间，常规管理，取其鲜玉米籽粒饲喂草地贪夜蛾初孵幼虫，测定了草地贪夜蛾幼虫发育历期、化蛹率、蛹期、蛹重、羽化率、成虫重等指标。结果表明，玉米内生真菌YC1处理组草地贪夜蛾幼虫发育历期较对照显著延长，比对照增加69.36%，蛹期和化蛹率略有降低，羽化率和对照组（6508%）相比明显降低，仅有3.33%;GX5处理组草地贪夜蛾的幼虫发育历期较对照显著延长，化蛹率（16.67%）和羽化率（8.33%）也明显降低。蛹重、成虫重、翅展以及翅长在处理间及处理和对照间没有明显的差异。从试验结果来看，玉米内生真菌YC1和GX5均对草地贪夜蛾生长发育不利，可大大降低其繁殖率，在可持续控制草地贪夜蛾方面具有较大的应用潜力。
关键词 草地贪夜蛾; 玉米; 内生真菌; 生长发育
中图分类号： S 497.1
文献标识码： A
DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020502
Effects of corn endophytic fungi on the growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda
QIN Huawei， YAO Jiajing， MEN Xingyuan， LI Chao， YU Yi， SONG Yingying， GUO Wenxiu， LI Lili*
（Key Laboratory for Plant Virology of Shandong， Institute of Plant Protection，
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Jinan 250100， China）
Abstract
To investigate the effects of corn endophytic fungi on the growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda， and seek new method for green control of this pest， the corn seeds treated with endophytic fungi Beauveria YC1 and Alternaria GX5 were planted in the field for normal cultivation management， and fresh corn seeds were fed to the newly-hatched larvae of S.frugiperda. The larval developmental period， pupation rate， pupal period， pupal weight， eclosion rate， adult weight and other parameters were determined. The results showed that compared to the control group， the developmental duration of S.frugiperda larvae feeding on corn seeds grown from endophytic fungi YC1 treated seeds significantly prolonged by 69.36%， the pupal period and pupation rate were slightly reduced， and the eclosion rate was only 3.33%， significantly lower than that of the control （65.08%）. In GX5 treated group， the larval duration was also significantly prolonged and the pupation rate （16.67%） and eclosion rate （8.33%） were significantly reduced. There was no significant difference in pupal weight， adult weight， wing expanse and wing length among the treatments and the control. The results suggested that both corn endophytic fungi YC1 and GX5 were unfavorable to the development of S.frugiperda， and showed a great application potential in the sustainable control of S.frugiperda.
Key words
Spodoptera frugiperda; corn; endophytic fungus; growth and development
草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda（J.E.Smith）属鳞翅目Lepidoptera，夜蛾科Noctuidae，灰翅夜蛾属Spodoptera，原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区[1]，能为害多种植物。2018年12月入侵我国，不到一年时间，就扩散到我国26个省、市（区）的粮食主产区[2-3]。入侵我国的草地贪夜蛾为水稻型母本和玉米型父本杂交后形成的特殊的“玉米品系”[4]，主要为害玉米、甘蔗和高粱等作物[3]。该虫在玉米整个生长时期均可为害，其不仅为害叶片，还为害幼嫩的茎、雄穗以及雌穗[5]，严重威胁我国的玉米生产安全。 当前我国对草地贪夜蛾的防治还处于应用化学杀虫剂的应急防治阶段，长期使用化学农药不但会增加草地贪夜蛾的抗药性，而且还会造成农药残留超标和环境污染等一系列环境问题[6]。随着草地贪夜蛾在我国的定殖为害，探索绿色防控可持续治理技术势在必行。植物内生菌为一定阶段或全部阶段
生活于健康植物组织的真菌或细菌，通过驱避或影响害虫的生长发育来抵御害虫为害，不引起植物外在病症[7]。如植物内生菌交互枝顶孢Acremonium alternatum 在甘蓝定植后可引起小菜蛾Plutella xylostella 生长缓慢和死亡[8];Paullinia paullinioides（秘鲁亚马逊雨林下层的一种藤本植物）的内生菌Muscodor vitigenus
关键词 草地贪夜蛾; 玉米; 内生真菌; 生长发育
中图分类号： S 497.1
文献标识码： A
DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020502
Effects of corn endophytic fungi on the growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda
QIN Huawei， YAO Jiajing， MEN Xingyuan， LI Chao， YU Yi， SONG Yingying， GUO Wenxiu， LI Lili*
（Key Laboratory for Plant Virology of Shandong， Institute of Plant Protection，
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Jinan 250100， China）
Abstract
To investigate the effects of corn endophytic fungi on the growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda， and seek new method for green control of this pest， the corn seeds treated with endophytic fungi Beauveria YC1 and Alternaria GX5 were planted in the field for normal cultivation management， and fresh corn seeds were fed to the newly-hatched larvae of S.frugiperda. The larval developmental period， pupation rate， pupal period， pupal weight， eclosion rate， adult weight and other parameters were determined. The results showed that compared to the control group， the developmental duration of S.frugiperda larvae feeding on corn seeds grown from endophytic fungi YC1 treated seeds significantly prolonged by 69.36%， the pupal period and pupation rate were slightly reduced， and the eclosion rate was only 3.33%， significantly lower than that of the control （65.08%）. In GX5 treated group， the larval duration was also significantly prolonged and the pupation rate （16.67%） and eclosion rate （8.33%） were significantly reduced. There was no significant difference in pupal weight， adult weight， wing expanse and wing length among the treatments and the control. The results suggested that both corn endophytic fungi YC1 and GX5 were unfavorable to the development of S.frugiperda， and showed a great application potential in the sustainable control of S.frugiperda.
Key words
Spodoptera frugiperda; corn; endophytic fungus; growth and development
草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda（J.E.Smith）属鳞翅目Lepidoptera，夜蛾科Noctuidae，灰翅夜蛾属Spodoptera，原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区[1]，能为害多种植物。2018年12月入侵我国，不到一年时间，就扩散到我国26个省、市（区）的粮食主产区[2-3]。入侵我国的草地贪夜蛾为水稻型母本和玉米型父本杂交后形成的特殊的“玉米品系”[4]，主要为害玉米、甘蔗和高粱等作物[3]。该虫在玉米整个生长时期均可为害，其不仅为害叶片，还为害幼嫩的茎、雄穗以及雌穗[5]，严重威胁我国的玉米生产安全。 当前我国对草地贪夜蛾的防治还处于应用化学杀虫剂的应急防治阶段，长期使用化学农药不但会增加草地贪夜蛾的抗药性，而且还会造成农药残留超标和环境污染等一系列环境问题[6]。随着草地贪夜蛾在我国的定殖为害，探索绿色防控可持续治理技术势在必行。植物内生菌为一定阶段或全部阶段
生活于健康植物组织的真菌或细菌，通过驱避或影响害虫的生长发育来抵御害虫为害，不引起植物外在病症[7]。如植物内生菌交互枝顶孢Acremonium alternatum 在甘蓝定植后可引起小菜蛾Plutella xylostella 生长缓慢和死亡[8];Paullinia paullinioides（秘鲁亚马逊雨林下层的一种藤本植物）的内生菌Muscodor vitigenus