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体视学方法是一系列用于获得组织结构的准确三维形态定量特征的方法。随着体视学方法在生物医学领域的广泛运用,新的体视学方法应用于中枢神经系统的定量研究成果颇受关注。本文回顾了体视学方法的运用对大脑研究做出的重要贡献,并结合本团队的研究成果,从正常老年、常见中枢神经系统疾病(如阿尔茨海默氏病、抑郁症和精神分裂症等)以及相关防治手段对大脑结构改变作用等三个方面,介绍了近年来体视学在大脑定量研究中的运用和最新进展。这些成果为认识正常老年大脑和疾病状态下的大脑提供了重要的形态学定量依据,为寻找延缓大脑衰老和疾病防治进程的手段提供了结构靶点和切入点。
Stereological methods are a series of methods used to obtain accurate three-dimensional morphometric characteristics of the tissue structure. With the extensive application of stereological methods in the field of biomedicine, much attention has been paid to the new stereological methods applied to the quantitative research of the central nervous system. This paper reviews the important contributions made by stereological methods to brain research and combines the findings of our team with data from normal elderly, common central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, depression and schizophrenia Etc.) as well as the related control measures on the brain structure changes in three aspects, introduced in recent years, stereology in the quantitative study of brain utilization and the latest progress. These results provide important morphological evidence for understanding the normal aging brain and brain under disease state, and provide structural targets and entry points for finding a means to delay brain aging and prevent disease progression.