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类癌常发生在消化道(占消化道肿瘤0.5-1％),但也见于支气管、卵巢、睾丸、尿道、喉、胸腺和骶尾部畸胎瘤。Godwin对近3,000例类癌作了研究,发现肿瘤40％在阑尾,14％在直肠,回肠和支气管各约12％。约5％类癌病人发生类癌综合征,其原发位置以小肠和卵巢最常见,分别占类癌综合征的67％和12％。胃肠道类癌无肝转移者罕见类癌综合征,因肿瘤释出的各种活性物质可被肝丰富的单胺氧化酶灭活;而卵巢、支气管类癌释出的活性物质可直接进入体循环,故无肝转移也可出现类癌综合征。
Carcinoid tumors often occur in the digestive tract (0.5-1% of digestive tract tumors) but also in bronchi, ovaries, testes, urethra, larynx, thymus and sacrococcygeal teratomas. Godwin studied nearly 3,000 cases of carcinoid tumors and found that 40% of tumors were in the appendix, 14% in the rectum, and about 12% in the ileum and bronchus. About 5% of carcinoid patients develop carcinoid syndrome. Their primary sites are the small intestine and ovary, which account for 67% and 12% of carcinoid syndromes, respectively. Gastrointestinal carcinoids without liver metastases are rare in the carcinoid syndrome, because the tumor release of a variety of active substances can be inactivated by liver-rich monoamine oxidase; and ovarian, bronchial carcinoid release of active substances can directly enter the systemic circulation, so Non-liver metastases can also have carcinoid syndrome.