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在狄更斯的诸多文学作品中,《艰难时世》(以下简称《艰》)与其他大部分小说相比,无论在情节上,还是人物设置上都更简洁。这部小说主题严肃,气氛阴郁,在文学领域一直有褒贬不一的评论。作为一部用10万字揭示资本主义工业社会中劳资矛盾的小说,过去就曾有评论家认为这部小说未能充分理解与再现维多利亚时代的工业社会现实。而作为一个已经在《大卫·科波菲尔》为代表的一系列长篇幅现实主义画卷中揭示社会问题的作家,狄更斯必然具备对工业社会问题进行充分描述的能力,然
In many literary works of Dickens, “Hard Times” (hereinafter referred to as “Difficult Times”) compared with most other novels, both in terms of plot and character settings are more concise. The theme of this novel is serious, gloomy atmosphere, has been in the literature have mixed reviews. As a novel to reveal the contradiction between labor and capital in a capitalist industrial society with 100,000 words, in the past, some critics have argued that the novel failed to fully understand and reproduce the industrial social reality of the Victorian era. As a writer who has uncovered social problems in a series of long, realistic paintings represented by David Copperfield, Dickens must possess the ability to fully describe industrial social issues. However,