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光综合孔径成像的原理是应用干涉原理在空间频率域中进行采样,并通过傅里叶反变换或其他数值变换方法得到空间分辨力远高于单个孔径成像系统的目标图像。由若干个相同的小孔径在二维圆周上优化排列组成的综合孔径成像系统可以在二维空间频率域中实现较为均匀分布的、具有无冗余度的采样点覆盖,为高质量实时成像提供了一个有效的途径。运用模拟退火算法对由7~16个子孔径组成的二维圆周综合孔径阵列进行优化排列。并依据光学衍射成像原理,从空域和频域两个方面详细分析了二维圆周上优化排列与均匀排列光综合孔径阵的成像特性。对7~16个子孔径组成的光综合孔径的仿真结果表明:无论是在空域还是频域上,子孔径直径增大、孔径数目增多以及综合孔径阵的优化排列都是有利于提高成像质量的。但综合后的子孔径的直径的增大,虽然能获得极高的角分辨力,却并不利于成像质量的提高。
The principle of optical synthetic aperture imaging is to use the principle of interference to sample in the spatial frequency domain and obtain the target image whose spatial resolution is much higher than that of a single aperture imaging system by using the inverse Fourier transform or other numerical transform methods. An integrated aperture imaging system composed of several identical small apertures arranged optimally on a two-dimensional circle can achieve a more even distribution of sample points with no redundancy in the two-dimensional spatial frequency domain, providing high-quality real-time imaging An effective way. Simulated annealing algorithm is used to optimize the two-dimensional circular integrated aperture array composed of 7-16 sub-apertures. And according to the principle of optical diffraction imaging, the imaging characteristics of two-dimensional circle optimized arrangement and uniformly arranged light synthetic aperture array are analyzed in detail from the airspace and the frequency domain. Simulation results of the light synthetic aperture composed of 7 to 16 sub-apertures show that the sub-aperture diameter increases, the number of apertures increases, and the optimized arrangement of the integrated aperture array is beneficial to improve the imaging quality in both the airspace and the frequency domain. However, the combined diameter of the subaperture increases, although it can obtain very high angular resolution, but it is not conducive to the improvement of imaging quality.