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通过田间试验研究了减量施肥对菜地土壤养分淋失及春甘蓝产量的影响。结果表明:春甘蓝N、P、K习惯施肥用量分别为其吸收量2.64倍、5.8倍、1.02倍,长期施肥使菜园土壤有效P大量累积,土壤养分不平衡加剧,一些中微量元素成为新的养分限制因子。习惯施肥N、P向下层淋失明显,改进减量施肥技术使N、P淋失量分别减少90.0%、78.4%。不平衡减量施肥降低春甘蓝产量和经济效益,配合S、B、Zn的改进减量施肥技术能显著促进春甘蓝吸收养分,提高产量,经济效益超过习惯施肥处理。结论:在菜园土上推广平衡施肥技术可显著减少春甘蓝的施肥量,提高肥料利用率,增加产量和经济效益,并能减少N、P养分淋失,减轻施肥的面源污染。
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of reduced fertilization on leaching of soil nutrients and yield of spring cabbage in vegetable fields. The results showed that N, P, K were 2.64 times, 5.8 times and 1.02 times of the conventional fertilizers, respectively. Long-term fertilization resulted in the accumulation of available P in the vegetable garden soil, aggravated soil nutrient imbalance and some trace elements became new Nutrient limiting factor. Conventional fertilizers N and P leached obviously to the lower layer. The improvement of fertilization and fertilization reduced the N and P lean loss by 90.0% and 78.4% respectively. Unbalanced fertilization reduces the yield and economic benefits of spring cabbage. With the improvement of fertilization technology of S, B and Zn, it can significantly promote the absorption of nutrients and increase the yield of spring cabbage, which surpasses the traditional fertilization treatment. Conclusion: The promotion of balanced fertilization on vegetable garden soil can significantly reduce the amount of spring cabbage fertilization, improve fertilizer utilization, increase yield and economic benefits, reduce N and P nutrient leaching, and reduce non-point pollution of fertilization.