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传统的固体缩力演示器是由铸铁座架、试棒、生铁插销和紧固手柄构成的,演示时把试捧在炉火上饶热,一端插上生铁销,放在座架上,旋紧另一端手柄卡紧试棒,当试棒冷却收缩时,生铁销便被拉断,表现出物体冷缩时产生的力的破坏作用.这一实验虽然效果明显,但也有不足之处:在课前要准备炉火并搬入课堂;试棒烧热后,手柄要被烤热,拿取不便;生铁销被拉断时,断片可能弹出,不够安全;生铁销配备数量有限,被拉断后不能再用,取材困难.为了克服上述缺点,我们设计了新型固体缩力演示器,其外形如图1所示.
The traditional solid shrinkage force demonstrator is composed of a cast iron frame, a test bar, a pig iron pin, and a fastening handle. During the demonstration, the test is held on the fire and the heat is applied. One end is inserted with a cast iron pin and placed on a mount and the other is tightened. One end handle grips the test stick. When the test rod cools and shrinks, the pig iron pin is broken, showing the destruction of the force generated when the object shrinks. This experiment has obvious effects, but there are also deficiencies: before class Prepare the fire and move into the classroom; after the test stick is heated, the handle must be heated and inconvenienced; when the cast iron pin is broken, the fragments may pop up, which is not safe enough; the cast iron is equipped with a limited quantity and cannot be used after being pulled off. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, we designed a new type of solid shrinkage force demonstrator whose shape is shown in Figure 1.