“一体化”、“多元化”和“归核化”是国际大石油公司在不同时期,通过“拨动”产业链,实现最大利润目标的发展战略。上个世纪50年代,国际大石油公司开始实施一体化、多元化战略;80年代末到90年代中期,归核化战略又成为石油巨头全球化经营的主要模式。进入新世纪以来,随着市场竞争日趋激烈、寻找新的利润增长点和分散风险的需要,一体化、多元化战略再次得到石油巨头的重视。国际金 “Integration ”, “Diversity ” and “Refocusing ” are the development strategies of the international oil companies at different times and through “toggle” the industrial chain to achieve the maximum profit target. In the 1950s, the international oil companies began to implement an integrated and diversified strategy. From the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, the strategy of refocusing became the major mode of global operation of oil giants. Since the entry into the new century, with the increasingly fierce market competition, the search for new profit growth points and the need to diversify risks, the integrated and diversified strategy has once again been taken seriously by the oil giants. International gold