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为了解五氯硝基苯在土壤和西瓜中的消解动态及残留状况,研究了土壤和西瓜中五氯硝基苯的气相色谱检测方法,并在山东济南和浙江杭州进行了土壤和西瓜中五氯硝基苯残留状况和消解动态规律研究的田间试验。结果表明,在0.01～0.5 mg/kg的添加水平内,土壤和西瓜中五氯硝基苯的平均添加回收率为83.41%～93.17%,变异系数为3.37%～9.74%;土壤和西瓜中五氯硝基苯的最小检出量均为1.2×10~(-12)g,其中西瓜中五氯硝基苯的最低检出质量比为0.001mg/kg,土壤中为0.005 mg/kg。田间残留试验表明,五氯硝基苯在土壤和西瓜中的残留消解动态规律符合一级动力学反应模型,在土壤、全瓜和瓜瓤中的消解半衰期分别为4.13～6.08d、4.28～4.92d和3.67～4.10d。按推荐剂量和1.5倍推荐剂量在西瓜上各喷施质量分数为40%的多菌灵·五氯硝基苯可湿性粉剂1～2次,2次施药间隔为7d,距最后1次施药7d时,五氯硝基苯在瓜瓤中的最高残留量为0.005 8mg/kg,低于规定的果菜类蔬菜中五氯硝基苯的最大残留限量标准0.1mg/kg。
In order to understand the digestion dynamics and residual status of pentachloronitrobenzene in soils and watermelons, the gas chromatography detection method of pentachloronitrobenzene in soil and watermelon was studied. In the soil and watermelon, Field experiment on the study of the dynamic state of chloronitrobenzene residues and digestion. The results showed that the average recoveries of pentachloronitrobenzene in soil and watermelon ranged from 83.41% to 93.17% and the coefficients of variation ranged from 3.37% to 9.74% at the level of 0.01-0.5 mg / kg. Among soil and watermelon, The minimum detectable amount of chloronitrobenzene was 1.2 × 10 ~ (-12) g. The lowest detectable mass ratio of pentachloronitrobenzene in watermelon was 0.001 mg / kg and 0.005 mg / kg in soil. The field residual tests showed that the dynamics of residual PCD in soil and watermelon met the first-order kinetic model and the digestion half-lives in soil, whole melon and melon were 4.13-6.08d and 4.28-4.92, respectively d and 3.67 ~ 4.10d. According to the recommended dose and 1.5 times the recommended dose of watermelon sprayed with 40% of the mass fraction of carbendazim pentachloronitrobenzene WP 1 or 2 times, 2 times the application interval of 7d, from the last application At 7d, the maximum residual amount of pentachloronitrobenzene in melon was 0.005 8mg / kg, which was lower than the maximum residue limit of 0.1μg / kg of pentachloronitrobenzene in fruits and vegetables.