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1956年农业合作化高潮过去之后,许多农民要求退出合作社,并在相当广泛的范围内形成了农民退社的大风潮。中央和各省采取了一些针对性的措施,争取全部或大部分要求退社的社员不退社,同时也允许仍然坚持退社的社员退社,但在一些地方没有得到很好的贯彻和执行。1957年反右运动后,实际上取消了农民的退社自由,并转而运用行政控制和政治思想斗争的方式把退社风潮强行压制下来。由此,中国农业合作化进入完全强制阶段。
After the climax of agricultural cooperation in 1956, many peasants demanded that they quit their cooperatives and formed a large wave of peasants’ withdrawal from society in a rather wide range. The Central Government and the provinces have taken some targeted measures so that all or most of the members who request for social withdrawal will not be denied their services while those who still insist on withdrawing from the society will be allowed to leave the community but are not well implemented in some places. After the anti-rightist movement of 1957, the peasants’ freedom of withdrawal from the society was virtually abolished. Instead, the anti-socialism wave was suppressed by the way of administrative control and political and ideological struggle. As a result, China’s agricultural cooperation has entered a full compulsory stage.