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合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）具有全天候、全天时成像能力及对一些地物的穿透特点，它能敏锐地捕捉由于地物不同的粗糙度及介电特性而引起的特征回波响应。多极化、多波段、多视角成像技术可以提供同一地物丰富的信息。这些特点使得ＳＡＲ在电磁波“资源”的利用中独占优势，已成为对地观测的最重要的高技术手段之一。自１９６０年以后机载ＳＡＲ遥感的成功进行至六十年代末八十年代初海洋卫星ＳＡＲ和航天飞机成像雷达的发射，雷达遥感在地球科学研究中发挥了重要作用。雷达对地观测显示出强大的生命力和应用潜力。
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with all-weather, all-day imaging capabilities and penetration of some features, it can keenly capture the features due to different roughness and dielectric properties caused by the echoes response. Multi-polarization, multi-band, multi-view imaging technology can provide the same feature rich information. These features make SAR the exclusive use of electromagnetic “resources” and have become one of the most important high-tech means for earth observation. Since 1960, the success of airborne SAR remote sensing has been carried out to the launching of marine satellite SAR and space shuttle imaging radar in the late 1960s and early 1980s. Radar remote sensing has played an important role in earth science research. Radar observation of the earth shows great vitality and potential applications.