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目的了解惠州市麻疹流行特征和预防控制措施,为进一步控制和消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,分析2004-2010年惠州市麻疹疫情特点;采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清麻疹IgM抗体。结果 2004-2010年惠州市共报告麻疹病例2 842例,年平均发病率11.69/10万,发病模式以散发为主,病例分布广泛,并有明显的季节性,5～7月是麻疹高发季节,14岁以下年龄组为麻疹高发年龄。病例中无免疫史和免疫史不详者占90.04%。结论应进一步加强麻疹疫苗(measles vaccine,MV)的基础免疫接种工作,消除免疫空白,适时开展MV强化免疫,提高免疫覆盖率。同时要考虑对大年龄组人群接种MV,继续加强麻疹监测。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and prevention and control measures of measles in Huizhou and provide a scientific basis for further control and elimination of measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of measles in Huizhou City from 2004 to 2010. The serum IgM antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A total of 2 842 cases of measles were reported in Huizhou City from 2004 to 2010. The average annual incidence rate was 11.69 / 100 000. The incidence pattern was predominantly sporadic and the cases were widely distributed with obvious seasonal variations. May-July was the season with high incidence of measles , The age group of 14 years old is the high incidence of measles. No cases of history of immunization and immune history unknown accounted for 90.04%. Conclusion The basic immunization of measles vaccine (MV) should be further strengthened to eliminate the immunological gap and boost the immunization coverage in time. At the same time, it is necessary to consider vaccinating the older age group with MVs and continue to strengthen measles surveillance.