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为了揭示云南元阳哈尼梯田两个不同时期种植的水稻地方品种的遗传多样性,以元阳哈尼梯田过去种植(20世纪70年代收集于元阳县,现保存于种质库)的72个和当前种植的76个品种为材料,采用48个SSR分子标记进行多态性、遗传相似性和聚类分析。平均每个标记检测到的等位基因数、有效等位基因数、位点多态信息含量和基因型多样性指标在过去与当前的品种间,差异均未达显著水平。共有24个SSR标记的52个等位基因位点在过去与当前种植的品种中存在差异,其中,有18个SSR标记的32个等位基因位点在当前的品种中未检测到,同样,有16个SSR标记的20个等位基因位点在过去的品种中未检测到。基于48个SSR分子标记的平均遗传相似性系数,当前种植的品种为0.3340,过去为0.3313,过去与当前的品种分别在遗传相似性系数0.203和0.174处分为籼、粳两个亚种群。表明元阳哈尼梯田水稻地方品种经过30多年的自然与人工选择,虽有部分等位基因位点发生了变异,但仍保留了原有的遗传多样性;元阳哈尼梯田水稻地方品种存在明显的籼、粳分化。元阳哈尼梯田及其水稻地方品种是研究稻作籼粳演化的理想基地和材料。
In order to reveal the genetic diversity of rice landraces planted in two different periods in the Hani terraces of Yuanyang in Yunnan Province, 72 rice cultivars with pasture (collected in Yuanyang County in the 1970s and stored in germplasm bank) The current 76 cultivars were used as materials, and 48 SSR markers were used for polymorphism, genetic similarity and cluster analysis. The average number of alleles, effective alleles, polymorphic information content and genotypic diversity index detected by each marker did not reach significant level between the past and the current breeds. A total of 24 SSR markers of 52 allele loci in the past and currently planted varieties in which there are 18 SSR markers of the 32 allele loci in the current varieties not detected, the same, Twenty alleles with 16 SSR markers were not detected in the past breed. Based on the average genetic similarity coefficient of 48 SSR markers, the current cultivars were 0.3340 and 0.3313, respectively. The past and present cultivars were divided into indica and japonica subspecies at the genetic similarity coefficients of 0.203 and 0.174, respectively. The results showed that after 30 years of natural and artificial selection, the local rice varieties in the Hani terraced rice fields in Yuanyang had the same genetic diversity although some allelic sites were mutated. However, there were obvious Indica, japonica differentiation. Yuan Yang Hani terraces and their rice landraces are ideal bases and materials for studying the evolution of indica and japonica rice.