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为研究消油剂和溢油对海洋底栖生物的急性毒性效应,将黄海胆(Glyptocidaris crenularis)暴露于不同浓度(油水配比浓度分别为0.92 g/L、1.84 g/L、3.68 g/L)的180#燃料油分散液(water-accommodated fractions,WAFs)和经生物降解型消油剂处理后得到的乳化液(Biological enhanced water-accommodated fractions,BEWAFs)中,分别于暴露期24 h、48 h和96 h及恢复期24 h和48 h时,检测WAFs和BEWAFs对海胆性腺和肠组织的过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响。结果显示,暴露在WAFs和BEWAFs中的性腺组织CAT、SOD和肠组织CAT活性总体呈先升高后降低趋势,而肠组织SOD活性随着暴露时间的增加呈升高—降低—升高趋势。肠组织中两种酶活性的最大诱导值出现的时间早于性腺组织,且恢复期时肠组织中各浓度组与对照组间差异更为显著,说明肠组织受石油烃氧化胁迫的敏感性比性腺组织强。与WAFs和BEWAFs相比,消油剂对照组中两种酶活性变化较小,由此可知,生物降解型消油剂本身对黄海胆的影响非常小,但其与燃料油对黄海胆的复合毒性效应却大于燃料油本身。海胆体内的CAT和SOD活性对石油烃的急性毒性效应较为敏感,可作为监测海上石油烃污染程度的生物标志物。
In order to study the acute toxic effects of oil dispersants and oil spills on marine benthic organisms, Glyptocidaris crenularis was exposed to different concentrations (oil-water concentration 0.92 g / L, 1.84 g / L, 3.68 g / L ) 180 # water-holding fractions (WAFs) and biological enhanced water-holding fractions (BEWAFs) after exposure for 24 h, 48 The effects of WAFs and BEWAFs on the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the gonads and gut of the sea urchins were detected at 96 h, 96 h and 24 h and 48 h after recovery. The results showed that the activities of CAT, SOD and gut CAT in the gonad tissues exposed to WAFs and BEWAFs firstly increased and then decreased, while the SOD activity in the gut tissues increased, decreased and then increased with the increase of exposure time. The maximum induction time of the two enzymes in intestinal tissue appeared earlier than gonadal tissue, and the difference between the concentration of intestinal tissue and the control group was more significant at convalescent stage, indicating that the sensitivity of intestinal tissue to petroleum hydrocarbon oxidative stress Gonadal tissue is strong. Compared with WAFs and BEWAFs, the activity of the two enzymes in the oil dispersant control group showed little change. It can be seen that the biodegradable oil dispersant itself has little effect on the Yellow Sea Urchin, but its combination with the yellow oilseed Toxicity is greater than the fuel oil itself. The activities of CAT and SOD in sea urchins are sensitive to the acute toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons and can be used as biomarkers to monitor the petroleum hydrocarbon pollution at sea.