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目的了解已绝经及未绝经女性原发性高血压、2型糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中患病状况及其相关危险因素分析。方法对北京房山周口店地区40岁以上农村女性以问卷、体格检查和实验室检测的形式进行普查。结果已绝经女性原发性高血压、2型糖尿病、冠心病和脑卒中患病率(64.2%,13.2%,5.9%,48.1%)均高于未绝经女性(41.4%,6.9%,1.7%,15.1%),差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);调整年龄等因素后,绝经与原发性高血压、2型糖尿病、冠心病显著相关(P<0.05)。在已绝经女性中,仅患原发性高血压和原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病与脑卒中相关(P<0.05),OR值分别为4.014,6.447;仅患原发性高血压、2型糖尿病、原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病与冠心病相关(P<0.05),OR值分别为4.725,2.153,4.929。结论绝经对农村女性4种常见慢性病发生发展起重要作用,应将绝经女性群体作为慢性病防制的高危人群给予更多关注。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of essential hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and stroke among menopausal and non-menopausal women and the related risk factors. Methods The survey of rural women over the age of 40 in the area of Zhoukoudian, Fangshan, Beijing was conducted by means of questionnaires, physical examination and laboratory tests. Results The prevalence rates of essential hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and stroke among postmenopausal women were higher than those of non-postmenopausal women (64.2%, 13.2%, 5.9%, 48.1%) (41.4%, 6.9%, 1.7% , 15.1% respectively) (P <0.05). After adjustment for age and other factors, menopause was significantly associated with essential hypertension, type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (P <0.05). In postmenopausal women, only type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with essential hypertension and essential hypertension was associated with stroke (P <0.05), with odds ratios of 4.014 and 6.447, respectively; only patients with essential hypertension, 2 Type 2 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus were associated with coronary heart disease (P <0.05), with OR values of 4.725, 2.153 and 4.929, respectively. Conclusions Menopause plays an important role in the occurrence and development of four common chronic diseases in rural women. Menopausal women should be given more attention as risk groups for chronic disease prevention.