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一、前言运动员要想获得优异的运动成绩,必须经过多年的系统训练。在训练理论中,多年的系统训练过程一般按各时期的目的和任务的不同,可划分为:基础训练阶段,专项提高阶段,最佳竞技阶段和竞技保持阶段。如果按运动成绩的发展过程,对多年运动训练过程进行阶段划分,则可分为:成绩快速提高期,成绩停滞徘徊期,成绩波浪式提高期和成绩保持与下降期(见图1略)。运动成绩快速提高期一般对应于多年系统训练的基础训练阶段和首次好成绩阶段(见图2)。这一时期训练的好坏,往往决定一个运动员未来运动成绩所能达到
I. Introduction Athletes in order to obtain excellent athletic performance, must go through years of systematic training. In training theory, many years of system training process can be divided into basic training stage, special improvement stage, best competitive stage and competitive maintenance stage according to the purpose and tasks of each period. According to the development process of sports scores, the stages of multi-year sports training process can be divided into: rapid improvement of performance, stagnation of stagnation of grades, wave improvement of achievement and retention and decline of grades (omitted in Figure 1). The rapid increase in athletic performance generally corresponds to the basic training phase and the first good achievement phase of multi-year system training (see Figure 2). The quality of training during this period often determines what an athlete can accomplish in the future