我国现有12块已知的鼠疫自然疫源地,分析这些菌种的遗传特征,追踪其来源,理解鼠疫的致病机理,有利于我们探讨鼠疫的发生和发展规律。鼠疫菌是一种遗传关系紧密的细菌,只有一个血清型和噬菌体型[1]。早在1928年前苏联学者别兹索诺娃根据甘油的酵解能力将鼠疫菌分为内陆型和港口型。1951年Devigant[1]根据甘油的酵解和形成亚硝酸盐能力将鼠疫菌分为东方变种、古老变种和中世纪变种。1981年 There are 12 known plague natural foci in our country, analyzing the genetic characteristics of these strains, tracing their origin and understanding the pathogenesis of plague, which helps us to explore the occurrence and development of plague. Yersinia pestis is a closely related germ, with only one serotype and one phage [1]. As early as 1928, Soviet scholar Bezs sonova divided the plague bacterium into inland and port-type based on the glycolysis ability of glycerol. In 1951, Devigant [1] divided Yersinia pestis into oriental varieties, ancient varieties and medieval varieties according to their ability to digest and form nitrite. 1981