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一、资源现状 我国稀土矿产资源丰富、分布广、品种多,其种类有氧化物类、碳酸盐类、氟碳酸盐类、磷酸盐类、砷酸盐类、硼酸盐类及硅酸盐类等。我国已探明稀土储量为3600万吨,远景储量1亿吨,占世界储量的70％以上。目前我国稀土矿产品主要有氟碳铈矿、离子吸附型矿及独居石矿;主要产地有包头、江西、四川、山东。通过多年努力,我国稀土矿山的采选技术取得了较为显著的成绩。如龙南离子吸附型矿采用的“原地浸矿”工艺是世界独一无二的技术,具有很好的经济效益。但是我国有些地区的稀土矿还存在着规模小,技术水平低,滥采乱挖的现象,造成了一定的资源浪费。我国稀土矿产量占世界总产量的60％以上,稀土矿产品基本不出口,主要用于国内约500家稀土冶炼企业。矿产品质量参差不齐,但基本可满足国内冶炼工艺的要求。
First, the status of resources Rich in rare earth mineral resources in our country, widely distributed, more varieties, the types of oxides, carbonates, fluorocarbons, phosphates, arsenates, borates and silicates . China has proven reserves of 36 million tons of rare earth, long-term reserves of 100 million tons, accounting for more than 70% of the world’s reserves. At present, China’s rare earth minerals are mainly bastnaesite, ion-adsorbed ore and monazite ore; the main producing areas are Baotou, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Shandong. Through years of hard work, China’s rare earth mining technology has made more significant achievements. For example, the “in situ leaching ore” technology used by Longnan ion adsorption type ore is a unique technology in the world and has good economic benefits. However, rare earth mines in some areas of our country also have the phenomenon of small scale, low technical level, indiscriminate mining and indiscriminate digging, resulting in some waste of resources. China’s rare earth ore production accounts for more than 60% of the world’s total output, rare earth mineral products are not exported, mainly for about 500 rare earth smelting enterprises. The quality of mineral products is uneven, but the basic can meet the requirements of domestic smelting process.