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基于A+B+C+D 4种标准雷电流波形的联合作用,开展了不同防护形式复合材料板雷击试验。考虑放电通道物理特性,分析放电通道与复合材料表面间的作用过程,将复合材料表面损伤区域分解成初始附着区、附着传导区、附着扩展区、二次附着区和扫掠损伤区,并对未防护基准件、局部喷铝、全喷铝防护件及铜网防护件4类板的各区域进行了损伤特性分析。结果表明:复合材料表面损伤是强电磁场条件下放电通道热电物理特性与复合材料表面热电特性及电荷分布的共同作用结果;复合材料表面铝层喷涂方式、厚度以及均匀程度均影响表面损伤的对称性和损伤分区特性;铜网防护造成复合材料板表面粗糙使得表面损伤分区复杂;表面电荷累积特性和分布的均匀程度直接影响二次附着区和扫掠损伤区的分布;复合材料表面雷击损伤包括纤维升华、断裂、起毛,基体炭化熔融、烧蚀,材料分层、剥落以及防护材料的熔融汽化和断裂等。分析结果可以用于复合材料雷击防护定性设计。
Based on the combined effect of A + B + C + D four kinds of standard lightning current waveforms, the lightning protection tests of composite panels with different forms of protection were carried out. Considering the physical properties of the discharge channel, the interaction between the discharge channel and the surface of the composite material was analyzed. The damage area of the composite surface was decomposed into the initial adhesion zone, the attachment conduction zone, the attachment extension zone, the secondary adhesion zone and the sweep damage zone. Unprotected reference parts, local aluminum spray, spray aluminum protective pieces and copper mesh protective parts of the four types of panels were analyzed for damage characteristics. The results show that the damage of the composite surface is the result of the interaction between the thermoelectric properties of the discharge channel and the thermoelectric properties and charge distribution on the surface of the composite under the condition of strong electromagnetic field. The spray pattern, thickness and uniformity of the aluminum layer on the composite surface all affect the symmetry of the surface damage And damage zoning characteristics; copper mesh protection caused surface roughness of the composite material makes the surface damage complex zoning; surface charge accumulation characteristics and distribution of the degree of uniformity directly affect the secondary attachment area and the sweep damage area distribution; composite surface lightning damage including fiber Sublimation, breakage, fuzzing, carbonization and ablation of the substrate, delamination and peeling of the material, and melting vaporization and fracture of the protective material. The analysis results can be used to qualitatively design lightning protection of composite materials.