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目的分析2005-2015年合肥市自然疫源性疾病(Natural Focus Infection Disease,NFID)的流行特征,为预防控制该病提供科学依据。方法对合肥市2005-2015年(含2005-2010年巢湖市和庐江县)传染病报告信息管理系统中报告的NFID病例数据进行描述性分析。结果 2005-2015年合肥市报告乙类、丙类和其他类NFID15种1 527例,死亡55例,年均发病率为1.97/10万,年均死亡率0.07/10万,以乙类为主(81.53%),其他类次之(16.63%)、丙类最少(1.83%)。发病率居前三位的地区是肥东(4.08/10万)、长丰(2.20/10万)和蜀山(2.11/10万)。季节分布呈双峰特点,6-8月份为大高峰,10-11月份是小高峰。乙类、丙类的流行高峰分别为6-8月份和10-11月份,其他类是10-11月份。病例集中在35~49岁年龄组,40~49岁和60~74岁2个年龄组发病率高。发病率男女比为2.72∶1,且随着年龄的增长,发病率男女比先升后降,30~39岁组最高(>7∶1)。职业以农民、民工居多,分别占38.57%和14.15%。结论近年来,合肥市NFID发病呈上升趋势,疾病谱也有改变。针对性的防治措施,多部门协作,加强媒介生物与宿主动物的监测,有助于控制疾病流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Natural Focus Infection Disease (Hepatitis A) from 2005 to 2015 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods A descriptive analysis of the NFID data reported in Hefei from 2005 to 2015 (including Chaohu and Lujiang counties in 2005-2010) was conducted. Results From 2005 to 2015, Hefei City reported 1 527 cases of Category B, C and other NFIDs with 55 deaths, with an average annual incidence of 1.97 / lakh and an annual average mortality of 0.07 / lakh. (81.53%), other types (16.63%) and C (1.83%). The top three most affected areas were Feidong (4.08 / 100,000), Changfeng (2.20 / 100,000) and Shushan (2.11 / 100,000). Seasonal distribution was bimodal characteristics, 6-8 months for the big peak, 10-11 month is a small peak. The prevalence peaks of Category B and Category C were June-August and October-November respectively, and the other categories were October-November. Cases concentrated in the 35 to 49 age group, 40 to 49 years old and 60 to 74 years old two age group incidence. The incidence of male to female ratio was 2.72: 1, and with age, the incidence of men and women increased first and then decreased, the highest in the 30 to 39 age group (> 7: 1). Occupation of peasants, mostly migrant workers, accounting for 38.57% and 14.15% respectively. Conclusion In recent years, the incidence of NFID in Hefei City is on the rise, and the disease spectrum is also changed. Targeted prevention and control measures, multisectoral collaboration and enhanced monitoring of vector organisms and host animals help control the epidemic.