近些年来,人们对教师究竟如何教,学生究竟如何学,师生之间、教与学之间的依存关系的思考和研究越来越深入,但是从课堂教学实践中所反映出来的情况看,对这个问题的认识还存在着一定的差距。其实这并不奇怪,教学过程(这里将一节课作为一个教学过程而言)是一个特殊的认识过程,它包含着教师、学生、教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、教学评价等许多要素,这些要素在教学过程中有着各自的地位、作用和功能,而各要素之间的相互联系所产生的整 In recent years, people think and study how teachers teach, students how to learn, teachers and students, and the dependence between teaching and learning more and more deeply, but from the classroom teaching practice reflected in the situation , There is still a certain gap between the understanding of this issue. In fact, this is not surprising. The teaching process (in this case, a lesson as a teaching process) is a special process of cognition. It contains many elements such as teachers, students, teaching contents, teaching methods, teaching methods and teaching evaluation. These elements in the teaching process have their own status, role and function, and the interaction between the various elements of the whole