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程序性细胞死亡(apoptosis)是机体内正常的生理调控机制,它在胚胎发生、机体变态、内分泌依赖的组织萎缩以及正常组织更新等过程中起重要作用。细胞只有在应答某些特殊的细胞外信号时才进入程序性细胞死亡。这种死亡过程具有十分明显的共同特征,并且需要新蛋白质的合成。程序性细胞死亡与细胞生长一样。是由细胞内的特殊基因控制的。这类基因的表达与细胞的生存和死亡有关。目前已发现位于人18号染色体长臂q21的bcl-2基因是一个与细胞生存有关的癌基因。
Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a normal physiological regulation mechanism in the body. It plays an important role in embryogenesis, body metamorphosis, endocrine-dependent tissue atrophy, and normal tissue renewal. Cells only enter programmed cell death in response to certain special extracellular signals. This death process has very obvious common features and requires the synthesis of new proteins. Programmed cell death is the same as cell growth. It is controlled by specific genes in the cell. The expression of such genes is related to the survival and death of cells. It has been found that the bcl-2 gene located on the long arm q21 of human chromosome 18 is an oncogene associated with cell survival.