论文部分内容阅读
近代爱尔兰土地所有权观念经历了三个阶段:身份所有权阶段、自然财产权阶段和双重所有权阶段。观念变迁的背后牵涉三股主要力量的博弈:英格兰地主、英格兰资本家和爱尔兰佃农。虽然英格兰地主和资本家处于对立的状态,但是双方的矛盾又从属于英格兰和爱尔兰之间的矛盾。由于爱尔兰佃农不断地斗争,也由于资产阶级渴望资本化经营爱尔兰土地,英国政府实行了数次土地改革。正是因为政府改革的根本目的仅仅是以更加资本化的方式剥削爱尔兰佃农,所以改革总是处于被动状态,并最终失败。
In modern Ireland, the concept of land ownership has gone through three stages: the stage of identity ownership, the stage of natural property rights and the stage of dual ownership. Behind the change of mind involves the game of three main forces: England landowners, capitalists in England and sharecroppers in Ireland. Although the landowners and capitalists in England are in opposite states, the contradictions between the two sides are subordinate to the contradictions between England and Ireland. The British government implemented several land reforms because of continued struggles by tenants in Ireland and because the bourgeoisie was keen to capitalize on Irish land. It is precisely because the fundamental purpose of government reform is merely to exploit the Irish sharecroppers in a more capitalist manner, so the reforms are always passive and eventually fail.