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在高考物理试题中,原子和原子核物理部分试题,所占的份量不多.但从学习和认识现代物理学基础知识的必要性及这部分试题的难度相对较小出发,笔者认为仍需加以重视.从近几年,原子和原子核物理的高考热点,谈谈这部分内容的复习.一、原子核式结构和玻尔原子理论这一热点是考查考生对近代物理的发展简史,原子与原子核式结构的基本实验.基本概念和基本理论,是否有较为全面的了解和认识.它涉及的主要内容有,汤姆逊的原子模型、α粒子的散射实验和卢瑟福的原子核式结构模型、玻尔的原子理论和氢原子的能级等等.例如,在全国高考物理试题中,’90第4题考玻尔的原子理论的有关内容,’92第5题
In the physics examination questions for the college entrance examination, the physics part of the atomic and atomic nucleus questions does not have much weight. However, from the necessity of learning and understanding the basic knowledge of modern physics and the difficulty of this part of the examination questions is relatively small, the author believes that there is still need to pay attention to From the hot topics of atomic and nuclear physics in recent years, talk about the review of this part. 1. Atomic nucleus structure and Bohr atom theory This hot spot is a brief history of examinees’ development of modern physics, atomic and nuclear type The fundamental experiment of the structure, the basic concepts and the basic theory, whether there is a more comprehensive understanding and understanding. It involves the main content of Thomson’s atomic model, alpha particle scattering experiment and Rutherford’s atomic nuclear structure model, Bohr The atom theory and the energy levels of hydrogen atoms, etc. For example, in the national college entrance examination physics question, ’90 fourth question Cooper’s atomic theory related content, ’92 fifth question