日本实行医疗费用抑制政策,“药价基准”每2年下调一次,因此制药公司若不能及时投入新药,其收益率就会逐渐恶化。迫于形势,日本制药业的研究与开发费用不断提高,1991年占总销售额的比例已上升到8.66%,远远高于各产业类别2.81%的平均值,且目前仍在以年10%的速度递增。高投资提高了日本的开发能力。分析1975年后世界首次上市新药的开发公司国籍可知,日本为35%,所占份额最大:美国是25%,而英、法、德、意、瑞士和比利时六国合计才不过33%。就此看来,日本似已成为世界最大的新药创制国了。然而实际并非如此。日本发明的新药多属在现有药品结构基础上加以 Japan adopts a policy of restraining medical expenses, and the “drug price benchmark” is lowered once every two years. Therefore, if a pharmaceutical company fails to invest new drugs in time, its profit rate will gradually deteriorate. Due to the situation, the research and development costs of the Japanese pharmaceutical industry continued to increase. In 1991, the proportion of total sales had risen to 8.66%, far higher than the average of 2.81% for various industrial categories, and it is still at the annual rate of 10%. The speed is increasing. High investment has improved Japan’s development capabilities. Analysing the nationality of the development company that listed the first drug in the world after 1975, Japan has a 35% share, with the largest share: the United States is 25%, and the UK, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Belgium are only 33% of the total. In this regard, Japan seems to have become the world’s largest drug-creation country. However, this is not the case. Most of the new drugs invented by Japan are based on the existing pharmaceutical structure.