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目的探讨天柱县人间狂犬病流行特征,为制定防制措施提供科学依据。方法收集2003-2008年天柱县报告的所有狂犬病病例个案资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果2003-2008年天柱县共报告狂犬病29例,年均报告发病率为1.18/10万,发病以农村为主,以夏秋季节发病较多(79.31%)。男性发病高于女性。职业以农民为主(58.62%),其次是学生(24.14%)和散童(13.79%)。35.00%的病例是10岁以下的儿童。暴露至发病最长潜伏期178 d,最短5 d,平均潜伏期37.5 d,其中头面部咬伤的平均潜伏期最短(18 d),下肢咬伤的平均潜伏期最长(79 d)。伤人动物主要为犬(89.66%)。结论加强犬类动物的管理,提高犬只免疫率是控制人间狂犬病防治工作的关键。加强狂犬病防治知识的宣传,提高暴露后人群的免疫率、及时规范处理伤口,是预防控制狂犬病的最有效措施。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Tianzhu County and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods The data of all cases of rabies reported in Tianzhu County from 2003 to 2008 were collected and used to describe the epidemiological method. Results Tianzhu County in 2003-2008 reported a total of 29 cases of rabies, the average annual reported incidence of 1.18 / 100 000, the incidence of rural-based, with more incidence in summer and autumn (79.31%). Men than women incidence. Occupation mainly farmers (58.62%), followed by students (24.14%) and scattered children (13.79%). 35.00% of cases are children under 10 years of age. The longest incubation period was 178 days, the shortest was 5 days and the average incubation period was 37.5 days. The average incubation period of head and face bite was the shortest (18 days) and the longest average latency of lower limb bite (79 days). The main animals were dogs (89.66%). Conclusion Strengthening the management of dogs and raising the immunization rate of dogs is the key to control the rabies in human beings. It is the most effective measure to prevent and control rabies by strengthening the propaganda of rabies prevention and treatment knowledge, raising the immunity rate of post-exposure population and regulating the wound in time.