[目的]了解贵州布依族人群人类白细胞抗原HLA-DRB1、DQB1基因多态性及分布特征。[方法]应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)方法对贵州布依族96名健康人群进行HLA-DRB1、DQB1等位基因分型。[结果]检出了21个DRB1等位基因,7个DQB1等位基因。[结论]得到了贵州布依族人群HLA-DRB1、DQB1等位基因频率分布的可靠资料,为少数民族群体遗传和疾病关联的研究提供了可靠的遗传学数据。 [Objective] To investigate the polymorphisms and distribution of human leukocyte antigen HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 in Buyi ethnic group in Guizhou province. [Method] The HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles were genotyped in 96 healthy people in Buyi ethnic group using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). [Result] Twenty-one DRB1 alleles and seven DQB1 alleles were detected. [Conclusion] The reliable data of allele frequency distribution of HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 in Buyi ethnic population of Guizhou were obtained, which provided reliable genetic data for genetic and disease association research of minority population.