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青光眼是以特征性视神经损伤和视功能损害为特点的一类疾病，病理性高眼压是主要危险因素。在青光眼治疗方面，既要降低眼压，又要保护视神经。视神经损伤的机制是神经节细胞的凋亡，能阻止或延缓神经节细胞凋亡的方法称为青光眼的视神经保护治疗。青光眼视神经保护治疗是目前研究的热点，主要包括抗青光眼药物、热激蛋白、神经干细胞、神经营养因子及基因治疗和中医药等研究。“,”Glaucoma is a category of diseases with the damage of the optic nerve and the damage of the visual function as the main feature ,and the primary dangerous factor is pathological ocular hypertension .As for the treatment of glaucoma , both reducing the intraocular pressure and protecting optic nerve should be done.The mechanism of the damage of the optic nerve is the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cell .The method of preventing or postponing the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cell is called the treatment for glaucoma optic neu-roprotection,which is a hotspot in the research field,mainly including the research in anti-glaucoma drug, heat shock protein,neural stem cell,neurotrophic factor,gene therapy,and the traditional Chinese medicine.