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形式主义-结构主义传统中的经典叙事学就分析对象进行了这样的“分工”:一方面特别关注展示技巧的先锋派小说,这样可得到对叙事概念和叙事结构的新鲜洞见;另一方面十分重视大众型的“公式化”小说,譬如侦探故事和惊险小说,这类作品看上去结构简单、规约性强,是很好的分析实例。然而,这种分工至少不适用于科幻小说,因为这种公式化的小说文类像先锋派小说一样地“展示技巧”。叙事学家可从科幻小说学到很多东西。科幻小说通过把叙事理论的概念字面化,使我们得以思考叙事概念有何种功能,它们表达或遮掩了叙事的何种运作,它们可能会无意中产生哪些含义和后果。科幻小说是具有强烈自我反省性质的文类,可以帮助叙事学进行反思,给叙事学带来启示。
The classic narratology of the formalist-structuralist tradition makes a “division of labor” with regard to the subject of analysis: on the one hand, avant-garde novels with a special focus on display skills, which lead to fresh insights into the notion of narrative and narrative structure; The public attaches great importance to popular “formulaic” novels, such as detective stories and thrillers. Such works appear to be simple in structure and highly stipulated, and are good examples of analysis. However, this division of labor at least does not apply to science-fiction novels, because this kind of formulaic fiction genres like “avant-garde novels” show skills. Narratologists learn a great deal from science fiction. By literalizing the concept of narrative theory, science fiction allows us to think about the functions of narrative concepts, to express or obscure the operation of narratives, and what implications and consequences they may inadvertently produce. Science fiction is a genre with a strong self-reflection nature, which can help reflect on narratology and bring enlightenment to narratology.