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目的分析2011—2015年萧山区5岁以下儿童死亡原因,为制定相关措施减少5岁以下儿童死亡提供依据。方法收集萧山区妇幼保健院儿童保健科2011—2015年儿童死亡监测报表、死亡报告卡等数据,采用描述性统计对儿童死亡年龄、性别、死因等进行分析。结果 2011—2015年萧山区5岁以下儿童死亡率为5.81‰,非本地户籍儿童死亡率10.79‰高于本地户籍的3.65‰(P<0.05),非本地户籍男童死亡率12.24‰高于女童9.12‰(P<0.05)。本地户籍儿童死亡原因前5位分别是早产和低出生体重、先天性心脏病、其他先天异常、意外窒息和溺水;非本地户籍儿童死亡原因前5位分别是早产和低出生体重、意外窒息、溺水、出生窒息和交通意外。本地户籍儿童死亡未治疗和未就医原因主要为家长放弃和来不及就医,非本地户籍主要为来不及就医和经济困难。结论萧山区本地户籍和非本地户籍5岁以下儿童的死亡率、主要死亡原因、未治疗或未就医原因存在差异,非本地户籍儿童不同性别间死亡率也有所不同。
Objective To analyze the causes of death among children under 5 years of age in Xiaoshan District from 2011 to 2015 and provide the basis for making relevant measures to reduce the death of children under 5 years old. Methods Children’s health department of Xiaoshan district collected from 2011-2015 children’s death monitoring report, death report card and other data, descriptive statistics were used to analyze the age, gender and cause of death of children. Results The mortality rate of children under 5 in Xiaoshan was 5.81 ‰ in 2011-2015. The death rate of non-resident children was 10.79 ‰ higher than that of local residents (3.65 ‰) (P <0.05). The death rate of non-resident children was 12.24 ‰ higher than that of girls 9.12 ‰ (P <0.05). The top 5 causes of death of local registered children are premature birth and low birth weight, congenital heart disease, other congenital anomalies, asphyxiation and drowning. The top 5 causes of death among non-local registered children are preterm birth and low birth weight, accidental suffocation, Drowning, birth suffocation and traffic accidents. The reasons for the untreated and unaccompanied child deaths of local registered children are mainly given up by the parents and the late arrival of medical treatment. Non-local domiciles are mainly too late for medical treatment and financial difficulties. Conclusions The mortality rate, the main cause of death, the reasons of untreated or not having medical treatment in both local and non-local residences in Xiaoshan District are different, and the mortality rates among different gender of non-local children are also different.